Ancient Roman fortress in England's oldest city is a must-see attraction, making it worth the diversion.
Nestled in the heart of England, Colchester stands as a testament to the country's rich history. Known as the oldest recorded town in Britain, Colchester boasts a remarkable archaeological legacy that reflects its status as the first capital of Roman Britain.
A Roman Legacy
Colchester's Roman heritage is truly special. Established as a Celtic settlement, it was later conquered by the Romans and became the first Roman colonia, a settlement for retired soldiers. The town was first mentioned by the Roman geographer Pomponius Mela around 43 AD, under the name Camulodunum.
One of the most significant reminders of Colchester's Roman legacy is the impressive Roman wall, constructed following Queen Boudica's revolt in 65 AD. Another impressive structure is Colchester Castle, built directly on top of the remains of the Roman Temple of Claudius. Inside the castle, a museum displays many significant Roman treasures, including the Colchester Vase and the Fenwick Hoard.
Visitors can explore the castle's Roman vaults, climb to the rooftop for panoramic views, and walk on the original Roman foundations that lie beneath the modern structure. The town is also home to the Colchester Roman Circus, Britain's only known Roman chariot racing track, which was built in the 2nd century AD and could seat up to 8,000 spectators.
A Rich Historical Record
Colchester's historical record predates the establishment of London. The town served as the first capital of Roman Britain and witnessed important events such as Claudius’s review of his invasion forces and the Boudiccan revolt, during which it was sacked and destroyed before being rebuilt.
Substantial sections of the ancient Roman fortification still stand in Colchester today, including the Balkerne Gate, one of the most surviving Roman gateways in Britain. The town's heritage is also considered special due to its early documentation and its status as the first Roman capital.
Cultural Attractions
In addition to its historical sites, Colchester offers a vibrant cultural scene. The Mercury Theatre, a significant cultural institution in Colchester, opened in 1972. It has two auditoriums: a main space seating 499 and a smaller studio theatre with a 99-seat capacity. The theatre is known for its original "Made in Colchester" productions and for hosting touring shows from prestigious companies like the Royal National Theatre.
Attractions to Explore
A visit to Colchester would not be complete without exploring the following attractions:
- Colchester Castle and Museum: A major tourist draw featuring Roman artifacts and medieval history.
- Roman Walls and Balkerne Gate: Walking the walls offers a historic trail of the Roman defenses.
- Colchester Roman Circus Visitor Centre: Presents the site of Britain’s only known Roman circus.
- Colchester War Memorial: A sculptural monument commemorating those lost in World War I.
- Natural History Museum and St. Michael and All Angels Church: Offer cultural and architectural interest.
- Parks and Gardens: Including Castle Park, Beth Chatto Gardens, and Fingringhoe Nature Reserve, providing natural beauty alongside historical sites.
- Colchester Zoo and The Roman Theatre supplement the historical and cultural experiences available in the town.
Colchester's rich archaeological and historical heritage combined with its cultural venues make it a significant destination for those interested in British history from Celtic times through the Roman occupation and beyond. Whether you're a history buff or simply looking for a fascinating day out, Colchester is a must-visit destination.
[1] British History Online. (n.d.). Colchester. Retrieved from https://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=64952
[2] Visit Essex. (n.d.). Colchester. Retrieved from https://www.visitessex.com/things-to-do/towns-and-cities/colchester-1083
[3] English Heritage. (n.d.). Colchester Castle. Retrieved from https://www.english-heritage.org.uk/visit/places/colchester-castle/
[4] The Mercury Theatre. (n.d.). About Us. Retrieved from https://www.mercurytheatre.co.uk/about-us/
[5] The Roman Circus Theatre. (n.d.). Colchester Roman Circus. Retrieved from https://www.romancircustheatre.com/colchester-roman-circus/
- Incorporate a mix of lifestyles and explore the historical charm of Colchester, while also appreciating its flourishing cultural scene at the Mercury Theatre, a hub for "Made in Colchester" productions and touring shows from esteemed companies like the Royal National Theatre.
- For those captivated by home-and-garden pursuits and travel enthusiasts alike, venture to the transcendent Beth Chatto Gardens, nestled among Colchester's parks and gardens, offering an unrivaled natural beauty experience amidst its historical sites such as the Colchester Castle and Museum, the Roman Walls and Balkerne Gate, and the Colchester Roman Circus Visitor Centre.
